Produced | National Health Commission
Finishing | Sohu Health
Editor | Wu Shinan, Hu Xin
June 6, 2021 is the 26th National “Eye Day”. In order to further call on the whole society to enhance the awareness of eye care and eye care, and to vigorously promote the importance of paying attention to eye health for all ages and life, the National Health Commission’s online interview with the theme of “concerning general eye health” invites experts to the public Knowledge of prevention (control) of eye diseases such as myopia, cataract, and fundus disease.
Moderator: Thank you, Team Leader Wang, for your answer. At the same time, it is also recommended that our parents and friends circle the keywords, and after watching the show, we should pay attention to see if our children have these behaviors, and take precautions in advance to prevent the children’s myopia from further aggravating. When it comes to myopia, glasses are indispensable for all myopic friends. Some friends said that when I wear glasses, the lower the power of the glasses will make them more comfortable to wear. Is this really good? Next, I would like to ask Team Leader Wang to answer for everyone.
Wang Ningli: This question asked by the host is just right. We did a cohort study of children and adolescent eye diseases in Anyang. Through our research, we found that for undercorrected, that is, you have 250 degrees of myopia, I will give you a lower value and match it to 225 degrees, so that you can see To 1.0, this is called undercorrection. Under-corrected children progress more slowly than over-corrected children. Of course, is there any basis for this? Have. Because when we gave him under-correction, we not only took care of the under-correction that his distance vision can reach 1.0. During the under-correction process, the focus of the peripheral retina (hyperopia defocus) will be reduced, so as to give him a signal and not let the eyeball Constantly growing, this is theoretically. However, under-correction must not be regarded as a universal method. A lower correction is called under-correction. Under-correction is a scientific under-correction. First, ensure that your distance vision can reach 1.0 and take care of all aspects of vision. The red and green balance of the eyes, the coordination of the eyes, the convergence induced when looking close, that is, the ratio of the adjustment induced by close reading, and so on. These are all things that medical optometry must solve and are determined by the doctor, not today. Dean Wang talked about under-correction, and under-correction went everywhere. After that, something went wrong, so the concept of under-correction is a scientific under-correction. For some people, foot correction is still necessary, and even some people need some overcorrection. But generally speaking, low-dose under-correction and scientific under-correction are helpful. Of course, it is very important to have a pair of glasses that are suitable for you and have undergone scientific optometry. For children and adolescents, once they wear glasses, not a pair of glasses can protect you for a lifetime. After the glasses are fitted, it is more important to go to the hospital or the national optometry center every six months or a year for diopter inspection.
Moderator: Thank you for your answer. Therefore, the power of glasses should be appropriate, especially after children and adolescents have low glasses, they must pay attention to regular review. Many friends have found that the number of “small glasses” around them has increased, and the incidence of myopia in children and adolescents has also increased. Is it necessary to prompt us to move the threshold of myopia prevention and control to kindergartens and preschools? Next, we have to ask team leader Wang Ningli to answer for everyone.
Wang Ningli: The prevention and control measures for myopia were issued by the eight ministries and commissions in 2018. After the release, the prevalence of myopia should be reduced by 0.5 percentage points each year, and the high incidence areas should be reduced by one percentage point. There are some specific requirements. But we found that to truly meet this requirement, we must know where the source is. Let me give you an example. For example, if a child goes to school at the age of 6 or 7, if he is given an optometry at school, his eyesight has reached normal. For children aged 6, 7, and 8 years old, his eyesight is basically normal, but give him In optometry, he also has 150-200 degrees of hyperopia, and the probability of this child having myopia during elementary school is only 1%. If at this time his vision is 1.0 for myopia, hyperopia is 0, that is, the diopter is 0, you are still blindly happy, saying that my child has good eyesight, no farsightedness or nearsightedness, and visual acuity of 1.0. Then I will tell you that by the end of 5 years, the probability of myopia will be more than 90%. What does this tell us? Preschool children in kindergartens have a reserve for farsightedness. The meaning of hyperopia reserve means that a child is born with hyperopia. As his eyeballs grow and develop, they gradually move towards emmetropism. We can’t give him too much close reading and let his eyeballs grow excessively. This shows that Such an indicator. If we use the concept of rational numbers to say that a child should be positive, you will make him become 0, and of course he will be nearsighted. If a 6-year-old child has a diopter of 0, it is equivalent to having consumed 200 degrees of hyperopia, which is actually equivalent to having 200 degrees of myopia. From this point of view, especially for preschool children, eye development is the most sensitive stage, also known as the fragile period of vision development. At this time, if you don’t protect him, it is too late to take any measures for him in elementary school. If you do related work for him in kindergarten or preschool, then you start from the source, that’s the concept.
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